Citing the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), and recognizing the specific standards set forth in the FAA for vacating an arbitrator’s decision, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey vacated an arbitrator’s final award, finding several reasons to vacate the award. The case involved a claim brought by defendant International Painters and Allied Trades Industry Pension Fund against plaintiff Allied Painting and Decorating Inc. for “withdrawal liability” of more than $400,000. As noted in the opinion, withdrawal liability is a “statutorily created liability wherein an employer is responsible for its allocable share of unfunded vested benefits after withdrawing from a plan.” Allied allegedly withdrew from the relevant plan in 2005 and resumed work in approximately 2007. It was alleged the fund was aware of Allied’s withdrawal obligation by October 2011 but did not notify Allied of its obligation until July 20, 2017, “which included a Withdrawal Liability Worksheet noting Allied defaulted on July 31, 2005.” The arbitrator concluded that Allied was not prejudiced by the fund’s delay in notifying Allied of the withdrawal liability, and entered an award in favor of the fund for $427,195. Thereafter, an action was filed in federal court by Allied. The fund filed a motion to confirm the award, and Allied filed a motion to vacate the award.

The court first noted that in “reviewing an arbitrator’s award of withdrawal liability, a district court must presume that the arbitrator’s factual findings are correct unless they are rebutted by a clear preponderance of the evidence” and that “an award is presumed valid unless it is affirmatively shown to be otherwise, and the validity of an award is subject to attack only on those grounds listed in Section 10 of the FAA”. After confirming this standard of review, the court went on to find the arbitrator’s award would be vacated for several reasons. The court rejected the arbitrator’s finding that Allied was not prejudiced by the fund’s delay in notifying Allied of its withdrawal obligation, finding the arbitrator’s rationale that the delay economically benefited Allied because Allied had interest-free use of the money “does not comport with the case law” and the arbitrator “does not cite to any witnesses’ testimony to support the purported economic benefit.” The court also found the arbitrator’s assumption of a fact to “undermine a determination of prejudice is not supported by case law” and the arbitrator’s determination regarding Allied’s search for relevant records was arbitrary and “definitively and clearly against the evidence as a whole.” Finally, the court found the standards the arbitrator used to show lack of prejudice were not consistent with the standards applicable in the Third Circuit, and the arbitrator’s failure to explain his decision that Allied was bound to a collective bargaining agreement was arbitrary. The district court concluded that the “cumulation of the above events amounts to a reasonable appearance of bias against Allied and results in deprivation of a fair hearing.”

Allied Painting & Decorating, Inc. v. International Painters & Allied Trades Industry Pension Fund, No. 3:21-cv-13310 (D.N.J. Mar. 1, 2023).