Total Medicare expenditures are projected to exceed $1 trillion in 2023 and grow at an average rate of 7.8% per year from 2025 to 2031. Federal health policymakers, including Congress, are looking for ways to rein in spending and encourage cost efficiencies. One policy proposal receiving considerable attention is addressing site neutral payments in Medicare. Enacting such “site neutral” payment policies would have a meaningful impact on healthcare providers’ finances and lead to reductions in Medicare payment rates for selected services and sites of care.