Relief for hospitals that have endured drastic cuts in Medicare reimbursement for the majority of drugs they purchase under the 340B drug discount program may be coming soon. A federal judge recently affirmed his prior decision in the case American Hospital Association, et al. v. Azar, No.18-2084 (RC) (D.D.C. May 6, 2019), finding that the drastic cuts to Medicare reimbursement for drugs purchased through the 340B drug discount program exceeded the authority of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and were unlawful. This second decision comes five months after the first decision, which we reported on in January 2019. Both decisions held that the cuts in Medicare reimbursement were unlawful.

In its 2018 Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS) rule, HHS reduced the reimbursement rate for the majority of drugs purchased under the 340B program from their historic reimbursement rate of average sales price (ASP) plus 6 percent to ASP minus 22.5 percent. This reimbursement reduction went into effect on January 1, 2018. The cuts imposed by HHS were forecast to reduce reimbursement to 340B program-enrolled hospitals by roughly $1.6 billion in 2018. The 2019 OPPS rule continued the reduced reimbursement rates for 2019.

In the court’s late 2018 decision, the judge ordered the parties to submit supplemental briefing on the appropriate remedy in light of the judge’s finding that the reimbursement cuts were unlawful. The new decision addresses that remedy, as well as the supplemental complaint filed by the same group of plaintiffs alleging that the 340B reimbursement rate for 2019 again exceeded HHS’s statutory authority and was unlawful. In the most recent decision, the judge declined HHS’s invitation to “reconsider its conclusion” and “enjoin[ed] the 2019 OPPS Rule for the same reason that it enjoined the 2018 OPPS Rule.” Noting that injunctive relief (which the plaintiffs requested) is typically appropriate when “‘there is “only one rational course” for the [a]gency to follow upon remand,’” the court found that injunction was not appropriate in this case since “HHS has multiple courses [of possible remedy] on remand.” The judge remanded the case to HHS, without vacating the 2018 and 2019 OPPS Rules, to give HHS the opportunity to consider and adopt an appropriate remedy. But the court retained jurisdiction of the case and ordered the parties to submit a status report on HHS’s progress in remedying “the issues raised in this litigation concerning the 2018 and 2019 OPPS Rules” by August 5, 2019, and commented that it “expects that the agency will act expeditiously to resolve these issues.”

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