In a report, published on 14 December 2020, the European Commission welcomed the consistent implementation of the Damages Directive, emphasised its own initiatives to ensure its effectiveness and praised the guidance given by...more
The EC published guidelines for national courts to estimate the share of overcharge that is passed on. These non-binding guidelines explain the factors impacting the existence and magnitude of passing-on effects and methods...more
On 10 March 2016, the Belgian Constitutional Court handed down an important decision on the starting point of the limitation period for private enforcement actions. These actions cannot be time-barred before a final decision...more