Since the Anti-Monopoly Law of China (the "AML") came into effect in August 2008, attention has been focused on its enforcement and effect on the Chinese market. While the public doubts the government has motivation in enforcing the law robustly against state-owned giants, individuals and private firms have been actively bringing private actions in court against these business giants. Chongqing Insurance Association, China Mobile, China Netcom, Baidu, Shanda Interactive Entertainment, and Sinopec have been defendants in the first batch of anti-monopoly litigations.