Canada announces a 25% retaliatory tariff.
On April 2, 2025, the White House announced a baseline 10% tariff on imports, set to take effect on April 5. Individualized reciprocal tariffs announced on specific countries will take effect on April 9.
Canada
- On February 1, 2025, in an executive order titled “Imposing Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border,” President Trump ordered that products from Canada would be subject to a general 25% tariff, with energy products facing a 10% tariff. The tariffs were set to take effect on February 4. The order also states that the tariffs could be adjusted or expanded, particularly if Canada retaliates with its own trade measures.
- On February 3, 2025, in an executive order titled “Progress on the Situation at Our Northern Border,” President Trump announced a pause on the new tariffs until March 4.
- On March 4, 2025, the tariffs on Canadian goods went into effect.
- That same day, Canada retaliated with 25% tariffs on $30 billion in goods imported from the United States. The full list of products, available here, cuts across industries and includes meat and food products, alcoholic beverages, furniture, lighting, kitchenware, textiles, apparel, footwear, and a range of industrial and consumer goods such as machinery, tools, and vehicles.
- On March 5, 2025, the White House indicated that it would delay tariffs on automobiles for one month after a request from American auto companies, and on March 6, 2025, in an executive order titled “Amendment to Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border,” President Trump announced adjustments on tariffs from Canada to exempt goods that satisfy the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) (including automobiles).
- On April 2, 2025, the White House confirmed in a fact sheet that the original February 1, 2025 tariff order remained unaffected and in force. Goods that comply with USMCA will maintain a 0% tariff, while those not compliant will face a 25% tariff. Non-compliant energy and potash products will incur a 10% tariff. If the current fentanyl/migration IEEPA orders are lifted, USMCA-compliant goods will still receive preferential treatment, whereas non-compliant goods will be subject to a 12% reciprocal tariff.
- Also on April 2, 2025, additional retaliatory tariffs on US goods worth approximately $87 billion took effect. The full list of proposed products, which includes food, animal, and industrial products, is available here.
- On April 3, 2025, Canada announced a retaliatory tariff of 25% on US vehicles imported into Canada.
Mexico
- On February 1, 2025, in an executive order titled “Imposing Duties to Address the Situation at Our Southern Border,” President Trump ordered that products from Mexico be subject to a general 25% tariff. The tariff was set to take effect on February 4. The order also states that the tariff could be adjusted or expanded, particularly if Mexico retaliates with its own trade measures.
- On February 3, 2025, in an executive order titled “Progress on the Situation at Our Southern Border,” President Trump announced a pause on the new tariffs until March 4.
- On March 4, 2025, the 25% tariff on Mexican goods went into effect.
- On March 5, 2025, the White House indicated that it would delay tariffs on automobiles for one month after a request from American auto companies, and on March 6, 2025, in an executive order titled “Amendment to Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Southern Border,” President Trump announced adjustments on tariffs from Mexico to exempt goods that satisfy the USMCA (including automobiles).
- Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum stated that retaliatory tariffs would be announced on March 9; however, no retaliatory tariffs have been announced.
- On April 2, 2025, the White House confirmed in a fact sheet that the original February 1, 2025 tariff order remained unaffected and in force. Goods that comply with USMCA will maintain a 0% tariff, while those not compliant will face a 25% tariff. Non-compliant energy and potash products will incur a 10% tariff. If the current fentanyl/migration IEEPA orders are lifted, USMCA-compliant goods will still receive preferential treatment, whereas non-compliant goods will be subject to a 12% reciprocal tariff.
China
- On February 1, 2025, in an executive order titled “Imposing Duties to Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China,” President Trump ordered that products from China be subject to a 10% tariff. The tariff went into effect on February 3. In response, China imposed tariffs on select US imports and announced other retaliatory actions such as enhanced export controls and investigations of US businesses.
- On March 3, 2025, in an executive order titled “Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China,” the Trump administration increased previously imposed tariffs on Chinese products from 10% to 20%.
- In response, China announced tariffs on US food and agricultural products and added certain American companies to its export and investment control lists. China’s 15% retaliatory tariff on agriculture products took effect on March 10th.
- On April 2, 2025, the White House announced a 34% reciprocal tariff on imports from China.
- On April 4, 2025, China announced a 34% retaliatory tariff on all imports from the US.
Global
- On March 12, 2025, a 25% tariff on global steel imports (announced in a proclamation on February 10) and a 25% tariff on global aluminum imports (announced in a proclamation on February 11) took effect.
- On March 24, 2025, in an executive order titled “Imposing Tariffs on Countries Importing Venezuelan Oil,” President Trump ordered a 25% tariff on all goods from any country that imports oil from Venezuela (either directly or indirectly) on or after April 2, 2025.
- On April 2, 2025, in an executive order titled “Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices that Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits,” President Trump ordered reciprocal tariffs on 57 countries, effective April 9.
What’s Next?
- April 2, 2025: Canadian retaliatory tariffs to take effect.
- April 5, 2025: US 10% baseline tariff takes effect.
- April 9, 2025: US reciprocal tariffs on 57 countries take effect.
- April 10, 2025: Chinese retaliatory tariffs to take effect.
