Author Info for International Lawyers Network

Nicole Šrolová

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Conveyance Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land b) Purchase of a developed plot of land c) Purchase of…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Change in Ownership, Co-Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Rodi Adelsson

Establishing A Business Entity In Sweden (Updated)

1. TYPES OF ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN SWEDEN THROUGH WHICH TO CONDUCT BUSINESS AND MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN CHOOSING A BUSINESS ENTITY TYPE - The most common form of business association in Sweden is a Limited Liability…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity, Corporate Governance

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Uday Singh Ahlawat

Buying and Selling Real Estate in India (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER INDIAN LAW - INVESTMENT AND CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - 1. INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - Since the liberalization of Indian economy, the real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Encumbrances, Foreign Direct Investment, Freehold Estates

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Tomoko Akiyama

Establishing a Business Entity in Japan

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business --- Business entities available for doing business in Japan - 1.1.1 Introduction …more

Auditors, Business Development, Business Entities, Business Formation, Foreign Investment

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Santiago Alban

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Ecuador (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ECUADOREAN LAW - Real Estate acquisitions typically involve several key stages, ultimately leading to the transfer of ownership. The most common phases include: 1) Initial Payment…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Double Taxation

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Kevin Alfonso

Data Privacy Guide - Spain

Introduction - We have compiled the main differences between the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of…more

Data Collection, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection, Data Protection Officers (DPOs)

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Javier Altamirano Hernández

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - I. Real Estate General Overview - The real estate business in Mexico has been increasingly growing during the last decades to the point that now it is…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Investment

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Kim Lan Ang

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Singapore (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SINGAPOREAN LAW - INTRODUCTION - There are two systems of land registration in Singapore: registration under the Registrations of Deeds Act, known as “unregistered land”, and…more

Buyers, Fee Simple, Foreign Ownership, Joint Ownership, Joint Tenancy

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Pauline Ang

Establishing a Business Entity in Singapore (Updated)

Registration of Business Entities - Unless exempted, business entities must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) via their business filing portal: BizFile+. A foreigner residing…more

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, Auditors, Board of Directors, Business Entities

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Michael Armstrong

COVID-19 and Intellectual Property

Despite the COVID-19 closures and cancellations, some governmental intellectual property offices have not extended deadlines, so parties should remain mindful that protections for individuals and businesses should not be…more

Asia, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), China, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Court Closures

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Cosmina Romelia Aron

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Romania (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ROMANIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Transactions - A. Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land (agricultural); B. Purchase of brownfield renewable power generation…more

Acquisitions, Business Entities, Business Formation, Buyers, Closing Documents

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Shirley Bai

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Canada - Ontario (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CANADIAN (ONTARIO) LAW - INTRODUCTION - Canada, a bijural country, utilizes both common and civil law. Except for Québec, a civil law jurisdiction, the common law operates in…more

Buyers, Canada, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Joseph Barber

Why Creators Need to Pay Close Attention to the SCOTUS Andy Warhol Infringement Case

The US Supreme Court in March decided it will revisit a dispute over pop artist Andy Warhol’s images of Prince. In taking up the case, Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith, the Court aims to more clearly…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Fair Use, Intellectual Property Litigation

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Dr. Andreas Bauer

Establishing a Business Entity in Austria (Updated)

1. Introduction - In principle any national citizen or foreign national is allowed to establish a business in Austria. A company is defined as a partnership of at least two persons (exceptions for limited liability…more

Audits, Austria, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

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Ágnes Bejó

Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

1 COMPANY FORMS - The following company forms are available in Hungary: (i) general partnership (Kkt.); (ii) limited partnerships (Bt.); (iii) limited liability company (Kft.); (iv) private company limited by…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Linda Beláková

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - We present here the following answers to the questions mentioned in the ILN Restructuring & Insolvency Collaborative Paper which reflect…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Jessica Bell

Beauty is in the Eye…Lash Extension: Beauty Salon’s Actions to Remove Two Trade Marks Dismissed by the Australian Trade Marks Office

A recent trade mark stoush in the eyelash extension market highlights the importance of registering trade marks in all states of Australia, and ensuring that trade marks that intend to be used are registered as soon as possible…more

Australia, Filing Deadlines, Goods or Services, Intellectual Property Litigation, Intellectual Property Protection

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Sonya Margarita Benemerito-Castillo

Vaccine Requirements – Philippines

In the Philippines, the nation-wide rollout of COVID-19 vaccines began in 2021. To date, the Philippines has administered at least 141,959,452 doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination, although not a standalone control measure,…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety, High Risk Covid Employees

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Todd Benni

Intellectual Property Extensions Resulting from Coronavirus

Currently, the USPTO is not offering extensions to patent and trademark application deadlines. The USPTO is, however, offering fee waivers to those affected by the coronavirus in the following situations...…more

Argentina, Asia, Australia, Austria, Brazil

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Sarah Benowich

The Training Wheels are Off: The Copyright Implications of Training Generative AI

With the introduction of several readily available applications, artificial intelligence (AI) has leaped into the mainstream and brought with it a host of legal questions. Following the release in November of the now popular…more

Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Derivative Works

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Eric Benson

Data Privacy Guide - USA - Ohio

Introduction - In recent years, Ohio has made unique and nationally-mirrored efforts toward advancing a goal of protecting the personal data of its residents. In addition to joining other U.S. states in 2005 by requiring…more

Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Breach, Data Privacy, Data Protection, Data Security

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Gaurav Bhalla

Data Privacy Guide - India

Introduction - The legal regime in India relating to data protection and privacy has undergone a significant re-haul and revamp. The Digital Data Protection Act, 2023 (“DPDPA”) received the President’s assent and was…more

Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Breach, Data Collection, Data Privacy

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Levente Bihari

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hungary (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HUNGARIAN LAW- 1. Types of real estate transactions - In the Hungarian market, the typical types of real estate transactions can be differentiated as follows. 1.1…more

Agricultural Land, Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Condominiums, Hungary

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Daniel Bliss

Can Trademarks Be Too Descriptive for Registration?

Suppose you want to register a trademark that identifies a source of goods/services for your business. What if the trademark describes an ingredient, quality, feature, function, characteristic, or purpose of your goods/services?…more

Acquired Distinctiveness, Descriptive Trademarks, Lanham Act, Trademark Application, Trademark Litigation

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Eduardo Bouwman

Establishing a Business Entity in Brazil (Updated)

The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are the…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Brazil, Business Entities

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Patrícia Braga

Establishing a Business Entity in Brazil (Updated)

The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are the…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Brazil, Business Entities

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Marta Brosa

Establishing a Business Entity in Spain (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINES ENTITIES - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - • Limited companies: Corporation and Limited Liability Company - When…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax, Corporate Governance

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Catherine Broussot-Morin

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What French Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? Sexual harassment is defined as any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person, in particular…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof, Criminal Code

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Esmay Brouwer

Buying and Selling Real Estate in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER DUTCH LAW - Introduction - The purchase of an immovable property is a mutual agreement. Neither the seller nor the buyer has the obligation to make use of the services of a…more

Apartments, Buyers, Capital Gains, Corporate Taxes, Income Taxes

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David Brown

Establishing a Business Entity in the United States (Updated)

1. Choosing the Right Legal Structure - 1.1 Introduction - Establishing a business entity in the United States can be an important strategic step for any international company that wants to avail itself of the world’s…more

Annual Filings, Annual Reports, B-1, Banks, Business Entities

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Sven Burchartz

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 71: Sven Burchartz, Kalus Kenny Intelex

Sven Burchartz is a partner with Kalus Kenny Intelex, a progressive, commercially oriented firm, specializing in property, corporate and commercial, and dispute resolution in Australia and a member of the International Lawyers…more

Artificial Intelligence, Collaboration, Marketing, Strategic Planning

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Juan Manuel Campos Alvarez

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Argentina (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ARGENTINIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION. Below you will find a brief outline of the legal regulation of the acquisition of real estate property in Argentina, which is mainly governed…more

Acquisitions, Argentina, Buyers, Condominiums, Corporate Taxes

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Martino Canal

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 52: Martino Canal, Ferrari Pedeferri Boni Studio Legale Associato | Italy

Martino Canal is a labor partner at Ferrari Pedeferri Boni Studio Legale Associato in Milan, Italy, which is also a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Martino cover the importance of…more

Business Development, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Giovanna Canale

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Italy (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ITALIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - This brief guide has the goal to provide legal explanation on the main aspects of the real estate transactions in Italy. II. REAL ESTATE…more

Auction, Buyers, Change of Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Amanda Carew

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Canada - Ontario

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CANADIAN (ONTARIO) LAW - Canada, a bijural country, utilizes both common and civil law. Except for Québec, a civil law jurisdiction, the common law operates in all remaining…more

Buyers, Canada, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Construction Liens

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María Fernanda Castellanos Steffens

The Colombian Copyright Agency Analyses AI-created Works and Provides an Initial Approach to the Protection Under Copyright Laws

The protection of works created from the human intellect, under the legislations that have adopted a droit d’auter system, is centered on the relationship existing between the individual who created the work, and the piece that…more

Artificial Intelligence, Authorship, Colombia, Copyright, Intellectual Property Protection

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Ana Carolina Cesar

Data Privacy Guide - Brazil

Introduction - The Brazilian General Data Protection Law (“LGPD”), enacted in 2018 and enforced since 2020, serves as the cornerstone of the country's data protection framework. Its primary objective is to ensure the…more

Brazil, Compliance, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Cross-Border

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Giorgio Cherubini

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Italy (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ITALIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - This brief guide has the goal to provide legal explanation on the main aspects of the real estate transactions in Italy. II. REAL ESTATE…more

Auction, Buyers, Change of Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Hsiu-Ru Chien

Can Lawsuits under Breach of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Clauses Be Suspended Through Preliminary Injunction?

When civil disputes arise, in addition to seeking binding judgment through civil proceedings, parties can resolve the disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms such as arbitration, settlement, and…more

Appeals, Arbitration, Breach of Contract, Patent Infringement, Patent Litigation

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Margaret Choi

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hong Kong (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HONG KONG LAW - Introduction - Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities over the world. Due to historical reasons, almost all lands in Hong Kong are leasehold…more

Ad Valorem Tax, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Financing

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Achilleas Christodoulou

Establishing a Business Entity in Greece (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The main business entities in Greece are the following: i) the Société Anonyme (S.A.); ii) the Private Company (P.C.); iii) the Limited Liability Company (Ltd); iv) the General Partnership…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Formation

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Joseph Cioffi

Trademark License Rights Survive Rejection in Bankruptcy

Settling a circuit split, the U.S. Supreme Court, in an 8-1 decision, has concluded that a trademark licensee’s rights are not automatically terminated when a debtor in bankruptcy rejects the license agreement. The…more

Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP), Bankruptcy Code, Breach of Contract, Commercial Bankruptcy, Debtors

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Dan Ciupala

Data Privacy Guide - Romania

Governing Data Protection Legislation - 2.1. Overview of principal legislation - The General Regulation Data Protection (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (“GDPR”), as implemented by Law 190/2018 is the principal data protection…more

Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection, Data Protection Officers (DPOs), Data Security

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Claudia Cohen

Trademark Considerations for Copyrighted Works in the Public Domain

In the United States, an original work of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression (meaning the work can be communicated in a visual or audio form) is a protectable copyright. This means that the owner has the…more

Copyright, Disney, Intellectual Property Protection, Public Domain, Trademarks

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Vincent Collas

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in France

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER FRENCH LAW - Under French law, companies are protected by several procedures to overcome financial difficulties. This legal protection aims to help…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Arthur Connolly III

District of Delaware Update

Last August, two new judges joined the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Judge Colm F. Connolly and Judge Maryellen Noreika. Judge Connolly filled the seat previously held by Judge Sue L. Robinson and…more

Daubert Standards, Genuine Issue of Material Fact, Judges, Local Rules, Patent Infringement

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David Conway

Establishing a Business Entity in the United States (Updated)

1. Choosing the Right Legal Structure - 1.1 Introduction - Establishing a business entity in the United States can be an important strategic step for any international company that wants to avail itself of the world’s…more

Annual Filings, Annual Reports, B-1, Banks, Business Entities

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Hernán Cordero Baltodano

Establishing a Business Entity in Costa Rica (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities in Costa Rica - The most common types of business entities in Costa Rica are Corporations, known in Spanish as “Sociedades Anónimas” (also referred to as “S.A.´s”), and Limited Liability…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership

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Ricardo Cordero Baltodano

Establishing a Business Entity in Costa Rica (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities in Costa Rica - The most common types of business entities in Costa Rica are Corporations, known in Spanish as “Sociedades Anónimas” (also referred to as “S.A.´s”), and Limited Liability…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership

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Antonello Corrado

Establishing a Business Entity in Italy (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - Italian law provides multiple forms of organizational structures to do business in Italy. They differ from one another due to the extent of liability undertaken by its members. In particular,…more

Articles of Association, Board of Directors, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Capitalization

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Jessica Golden Cortes

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Multi-State Companies Need To Know

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: WHAT US: MULTI-STATE COMPANIES NEED TO KNOW - We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. 2019 Update - In the wake the of the #MeToo…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Harassment Policies, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Confidentiality Agreements

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Vicente Cuairán Chavarría

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - I. Real Estate General Overview - The real estate business in Mexico has been increasingly growing during the last decades to the point that now it is…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Investment

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David Cupar

Apple Closed Two of Its Stores in Eastern Texas. The Reasoning May Surprise You - How patent laws can affect key business decisions

Apple, the technology giant which runs successful Apple Stores all over the world, announced that it will close its only two stores in eastern Texas by Friday, April 12. Apple, however, did not announce why it was closing…more

Apple, Business Closures, Business Strategies, Damages, Litigation Fees & Costs

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Javier Curiel Obscura

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - I. Real Estate General Overview - The real estate business in Mexico has been increasingly growing during the last decades to the point that now it is…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Investment

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Kirk Damman

COVID-19 and Intellectual Property

Despite the COVID-19 closures and cancellations, some governmental intellectual property offices have not extended deadlines, so parties should remain mindful that protections for individuals and businesses should not be…more

Asia, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), China, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Court Closures

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Irini Daroussou

Journalism and copyright: what is protected by copyright law?

In Greece the main legislative instruments regulating copyright and related rights are: - Law 2121/1993 on Copyright, Related Rights and Cultural Matters (the Copyright Law); and - Law 4481/2017 on the Collective…more

Copyright, Greece, Intellectual Property Protection, Journalism

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Abhijeet Das

Establishing a Business Entity in India (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in India through which to conduct business: A foreign entity may establish a business presence in India by: • opening a liaison…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Gains

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Ron Davis

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 92: Ron Davis | Fogler Rubinoff

Ron Davis is a partner with Fogler Rubinoff in Toronto, where he has over 35 years of litigation experience. In this episode, he and Lindsay chat about challenges and opportunities in the legal industry in Toronto and Ontario,…more

Artificial Intelligence, Client Services, Legal Fees, Litigation Fees & Costs, Litigation Funding

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Astrid de Bandt

Establishing a Business Entity in Belgium (Updated)

I. INTRODUCTION - (i) Our law firm - & DE BANDT is a law firm with a multidisciplinary approach and a focus on complex litigation. It addresses legal issues within the European economy that are driven by digital…more

Audits, Belgium, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Martín Casse De Ferari

Establishing a Business Entity in Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Pierre-Menno de Girard

Establishing a Business Entity in France (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - • Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - Business may be conducted in France either through a French branch of a foreign…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Jan Leo de Hoop

Establishing a Business Entity in the Netherlands (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - In the Netherlands, there is a distinction between entities which qualify as legal entities (‘rechtspersonen’) and partnerships (‘personenvennootschappen’) which do not. Legal entities are…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Roberto De Pasquale

Data Privacy Guide - Canada

Introduction - As a federal state with law-making powers shared between federal and provincial/territorial governments, Canada has both federal and provincial/territorial privacy laws that govern the private and public…more

Artificial Intelligence, Canada, Compliance, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights

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Giuseppina De Stefano

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Italy

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ITALIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - This brief guide has the goal to provide legal explanation on the main aspects of the real estate transactions in Italy. II. REAL ESTATE…more

Auction, Buyers, Change of Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Louis DiLorenzo

What To Consider When Launching a Cause Marketing Campaign

The war in Ukraine has led to Europe’s worst refugee crisis since World War II; more than 3 1/2 million civilians have already been displaced, and some observers expect the number to reach five million as the war continues to…more

Brand, Cause Marketing, Charitable Donations, Charitable Organizations, Charitable Sales Promotion

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Daniele Dimas

Data Privacy Guide - Brazil

Introduction - The Brazilian General Data Protection Law (“LGPD”), enacted in 2018 and enforced since 2020, serves as the cornerstone of the country's data protection framework. Its primary objective is to ensure the…more

Brazil, Compliance, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Cross-Border

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Michiru Dodo

Establishing a Business Entity in Japan

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business --- Business entities available for doing business in Japan - 1.1.1 Introduction …more

Auditors, Business Development, Business Entities, Business Formation, Foreign Investment

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Sharon Druker

Establishing a Business Entity in Canada (Updated)

INTRODUCTION - Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multi-cultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Operations, Canada, Canadian Competition Act

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Ondrej Dušek

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Czech Republic (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CZECH REPUBLIC LAW - I. Types of Real Property Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land; b) Purchase of a developed plot of land; c) Purchase of a…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Co-Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Andrei Dumitrescu

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Romania (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER ROMANIAN LAW - 1. A brief presentation of the bankruptcy/insolvency/rehabilitation proceedings of the country and their main differences. Romanian…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Angela Dunay

Is the Legal Test for Expressive Use of a Trademark on The Rocks? Jack Daniel’s Prevails at the Supreme Court

The Bottom Line - The U.S. Supreme Court recently decided that, when using another’s trademark “as a designation of source for the infringer’s own goods,” one is not entitled to a First Amendment defense even if the use is a…more

Dilution, First Amendment, Intellectual Property Protection, Jack Daniels Properties Inc v VIP Products LLC, Lanham Act

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Bas Ebels

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER DUTCH LAW - I. Insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands - There are four law-regulated insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands: bankruptcy…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Sara Edelman

Supreme Court Settles Circuit Split on When a Plaintiff May Sue

The Supreme Court handed down a unanimous copyright decision in March 2019 with implications for anyone involved in a copyright dispute, as well as for marketers and brands that create and use copyrighted materials. In Fourth…more

Attorney's Fees, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Office, Copyright Registration

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Richard Eisert

U.S. House Unveils the Latest Attempt at a U.S. Privacy Law: The American Privacy Rights Act

The United States is among the minority of large economies in the world without a comprehensive national privacy law. In the absence of such a law, numerous states are filling the void with a complex assortment of often…more

Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Brokers, Data Privacy, Data Protection, Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

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Benjamin Farley

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Missouri Companies Need To Know

2019 Update - The #MeToo movement, which has grown international in scope, is a wide-ranging campaign to shed light on the occurrence of sexual assault and harassment, particularly in the workplace. The movement began in…more

#MeToo, Admissible Evidence, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers

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Tamás Fehér

Episode 89: Tamás Fehér | Jalsovszky Law Firm

Tamás Fehér is a partner with Jalsovszky Law Firm, the Hungarian member of the International Lawyers Network, where he practices tax litigation. In this episode, Lindsay and Tamás discuss the challenges and opportunities of AI…more

Artificial Intelligence, Content Marketing, Content Strategy, Machine Learning

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Carla Fernandes

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Brazil (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRAZILIAN LAW - 1. OVERVIEW OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY - Brazil is a federative republic and the largest country in both South and Latin America. It is also the world's fifth-largest…more

Brazil, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Construction Project, Property Ownership

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Attilio Ferrari

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 4: Attilio Ferrari | FPB Legal, Milan, Italy

Attilio Ferrari is a partner with FPB Legal in Milan, Italy and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Attilio discuss emphasizing being a trusted partner over business development, the…more

Client Communication, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Remote Working

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Bruce Feuchter

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 11: Bruce Feuchter | Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth | California, US

Bruce Feuchter is a partner with Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, a Southern California law firm and member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Bruce chat about the challenges of business…more

Business Development, Client Communication, Client Services, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates

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Daniel Finnegan

Supreme Court Finds Google’s Copying of Oracle’s APIs a Fair Use

A recent Supreme Court decision has finally put an end to the longstanding fight between Oracle and Google concerning Google’s use of Oracle’s copyrighted Java Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The Supreme Court’s…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Fair Use, Google

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Aaron Fishman

IP Myths vs. Reality: What You Don’t Know Could Cost You

Intellectual property (IP) is often misunderstood, leading to costly mistakes for businesses and individuals alike. Many assume that once they create something, they automatically own the rights everywhere, or that patents and…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Intellectual Property Litigation, Intellectual Property Protection, IP License

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Allison Fitzpatrick

SEC Penalizes Kim Kardashian Over $1 Million for Paid Crypto Post

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) settled with Kim Kardashian over allegations she violated Section 17(b) of the Securities Act (the “Act”) by publishing an Instagram post promoting the crypto-currency, EthereumMax…more

Celebrity Endorsements, Cryptocurrency, Failure To Disclose, Influencers, Kim Kardashian

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Maurice Fleming

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Canada (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER CANADIAN LAW - 1. Canada's Political and Legal System - Canada has a Federal constitution that was significantly overhauled in the early 1980's,…more

Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA), Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Court, Board of Directors, Canada

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Cindy Fong

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hong Kong (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HONG KONG LAW - Introduction - Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities over the world. Due to historical reasons, almost all lands in Hong Kong are leasehold…more

Ad Valorem Tax, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Financing

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Jonas Forsman

Establishing a Business Entity in Sweden (Updated)

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE VARIOUS AVAILABLE LEGAL ENTITY TYPES - The most common form of legal entity to start a newco in Sweden is through a Limited Liability Company (Sw. Aktiebolag). There are, however, other types of legal…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity, Corporate Governance

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Anna Fox

Vaccine Requirements – UK

Since its widespread roll out over the past year, the UK Government’s COVID19 vaccination programme has been largely successful. To date, over 70% of the population are fully vaccinated and a vaccination booster programme has…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety

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Amy Fracassini

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Massachusetts (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MASSACHUSETTS LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - A. Offer to Purchase sets forth buyer’s offer of price, date for closing, contingencies for inspections, financing etc…more

Buyers, C-Corporation, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Property Owners

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Darren Fried

What’s Going On? Another Marvin Gaye Lawsuit Tests the Limits of Copyright Protection

Just when you thought it was over, another copyright infringement lawsuit involving a Marvin Gaye song is set for trial. The dust had barely settled on the infamous “Blurred Lines” case when a second suit, this time targeting…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Jury Trial

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Stuart Lee Friedel

Don’t Be Bamboozled by Environmental Benefit Claims

$5.5 Million FTC Settlements for Bamboo Textile and Environmental Benefit Claims Under Penalty Offense Authority - The FTC recently announced that it has reached a $2.5 million settlement with Kohl’s and a $3 million…more

Civil Monetary Penalty, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), FTC Act

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Roland Gallor

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Florida (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER FLORIDIAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - A. Purchase and Sale Agreement sets forth the complete terms of the purchase and sale including, among other things, price,…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Florida

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Valentina Galvis

Data Privacy Guide - Canada

Introduction - As a federal state with law-making powers shared between federal and provincial/territorial governments, Canada has both federal and provincial/territorial privacy laws that govern the private and public…more

Artificial Intelligence, Canada, Compliance, Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights

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Juan Ignacio Gamboa

Establishing a Business Entity in Colombia (Updated)

DOING BUSINESS IN COLOMBIA - 1. Preliminary Considerations: In Colombia, a foreign company is able to act and do business by itself, for example, by contracting with local entities or investing foreign currencies. Entering…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Contributions, Colombia

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Daniel García Piñeros

Establishing a Business Entity in Colombia (Updated)

DOING BUSINESS IN COLOMBIA - 1. Preliminary Considerations: In Colombia, a foreign company is able to act and do business by itself, for example, by contracting with local entities or investing foreign currencies. Entering…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Contributions, Colombia

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James Giszczak

Data Privacy Guide - USA - Ohio

Introduction - In recent years, Ohio has made unique and nationally-mirrored efforts toward advancing a goal of protecting the personal data of its residents. In addition to joining other U.S. states in 2005 by requiring…more

Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Breach, Data Privacy, Data Protection, Data Security

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Oriyan Gitig

Don’t Smile at the Camera – New Biometric Data Laws

Biometric data is seen as a preferred means of identification by many businesses. Unlocking a smartphone using facial recognition and other biometric identifiers, for example, gives users the feeling as if they are more…more

Biometric Information, Biometric Information Privacy Act, Consent, Data Collection, Data Privacy

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David Gitlin

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 72: David Gitlin, Royer Cooper Cohen Braunfeld

David Gitlin is a partner with Royer Cooper Cohen Braunfeld, a business law firm with an entrepreneurial spirit in Pennsylvania, and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and David discuss the…more

Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurs, Legal Technology, Marketing

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Massimo Giugliano

Trademark License Rights Survive Rejection in Bankruptcy

Settling a circuit split, the U.S. Supreme Court, in an 8-1 decision, has concluded that a trademark licensee’s rights are not automatically terminated when a debtor in bankruptcy rejects the license agreement. The…more

Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP), Bankruptcy Code, Breach of Contract, Commercial Bankruptcy, Debtors

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Theodore Goloff

Vaccine Requirements – Canada: Montréal

Canada’s Constitution makes it such that the presumptive and preeminent jurisdiction in matters of employment, labour relations writ large, privacy and health and safety at work is provincial, not federal. This is in marked…more

Arbitration, Arbitration Awards, Canada, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues

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Anilla Gondi

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Hungarian Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? In the Hungarian law, sexual harassment is covered by the general definitions of harassment stipulated by the Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal treatment (“Equal Treatment Act”) and by the Act C of…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Co-Workers, Criminal Code, Employer Liability Issues

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Rolando González Calderón

Establishing a Business Entity in Costa Rica (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities in Costa Rica - The most common types of business entities in Costa Rica are Corporations, known in Spanish as “Sociedades Anónimas” (also referred to as “S.A.´s”), and Limited Liability…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership

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Andrew Gordon-Seifert

Parties to exploratory agreements beware: Contractual restrictions on IPR patent challenges are enforceable!

On February 8, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit determined that certain restrictions on the ability to challenge the validity of patents are enforceable. Without such restrictions, companies that are being…more

Covenant Not to Sue, Declaratory Judgments, Forum Selection, Intellectual Property Litigation, Intellectual Property Protection

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John Greenberg

United States Licensed Attorney Required for Foreign-Domiciled U.S. Trademarks

Since August 3, 2019, all foreign-domiciled U.S. trademark applicants, registrants and parties to proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) Trademark Trial and Appeal Board must be represented by…more

Canada, Foreign Trademark, New Rules, Patent Agents, Principal Place of Business

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Lindsay Griffiths

What President Obama Taught Me (Again) About Bridging Gaps

Last week, many people tuned in to hear former President Barack Obama speak during an hour-long fireside chat filled with thoughtful insights and meaningful advice. What many don’t know is that this powerful conversation took…more

Barack Obama, Career Development, Law Practice Management, Leadership, Professional Development

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Patrick Gu

Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

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Diego Gutiérrez Martínez - Parente

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - I. Real Estate General Overview - The real estate business in Mexico has been increasingly growing during the last decades to the point that now it is…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Investment

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Ashneet Hanspal

Delhi High Court permits use of the mark ‘FLY HIGHER’ by VISTARA Airlines on the ground of the mark not being used as a trademark

The Delhi High Court (‘Court’) in its judgment (dated October 28, 2022) in the case of Frankfinn Aviation Service Private Limited v. Tata SIA Airlines Limited, [CS(COMM) 54/2022 & I.A. 1795/2022, 3651-52/2022] recently…more

Airlines, India, Intellectual Property Protection, Trademark Infringement, Trademark Litigation

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Melis Haseki

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Turkey (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW - 1. Agreement Types - Pursuant to Turkish laws, a real estate sale and purchase agreement shall be in an official form and the transfer of ownership of real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Acquisitions, Foreign Investment

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Pablo Henríquez De Luna Losada

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. INTRODUCTION -REGULATION INSOLVENCY OF OF COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS. We believe that the opportunity to present this article…more

Bankruptcy Court, Bankruptcy Plans, Bankruptcy Reform, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring

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Sidney Ho

Establishing a Business Entity in Hong Kong (Updated)

ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS ENTITY IN HONG KONG - 1. Introduction - Hong Kong as an international centre for finance, commerce and trade is often considered as one of the most attractive places to do business owing to its…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity

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Dr. Thomas Hofacker

Establishing a Business Entity in Germany (Updated)

Anyone can establish a business in Germany - irrespective of citizenship, nationality, or place of residence. There is no specific investment legislation for foreign entrepreneurs. Any entrepreneur can make his choice from…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity, Company Limited by Shares

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Timothy Holly

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Us: Delaware Companies Need To Know

Delaware has responded to the #MeToo movement through legislation. Sexual harassment has long been a legally cognizable form of sex discrimination under the Delaware Discrimination in Employment Act. However, as of January 1,…more

#MeToo, Complaint Procedures, Employee Training, Employer Liability Issues, Harassment

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Leen Hooites

Buying and Selling Real Estate in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER DUTCH LAW - Introduction - The purchase of an immovable property is a mutual agreement. Neither the seller nor the buyer has the obligation to make use of the services of a…more

Apartments, Buyers, Capital Gains, Corporate Taxes, Income Taxes

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Petr Hradil

Data Privacy Guide - Czech Republic

Introduction - The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) is the EU regulation which is directly applicable in all member states of the EU, including the Czech Republic, as of 25 May 2018. The new Czech…more

Consent, Czech Republic, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection

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James Huang

Establishing a Business Entity in Taiwan (Updated)

Introduction to Taiwan - In less than 50 years starting from 1949, Taiwan went from an agriculture-based economy to being an economic powerhouse and leader in the field of high-tech goods. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)…more

Annual Reports, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity

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Maggie Huang

Establishing a Business Entity in Taiwan (Updated)

Introduction to Taiwan - In less than 50 years starting from 1949, Taiwan went from an agriculture-based economy to being an economic powerhouse and leader in the field of high-tech goods. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)…more

Annual Reports, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity

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Egon Hug

Establishing a Business Entity in Liechtenstein (Updated)

The Principality of Liechtenstein lies at the centre of Europe, nestled between Switzerland and Austria, next to the river Rhine. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy established on democratic parliamentary…more

Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Company Limited by Shares

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Pierre Hurt

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 62: Pierre Hurt, Lutgen & Associes | Luxembourg

Pierre Hurt is the managing partner of Lutgen & Associés, a firm focused on litigation support and legal counseling, and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, we welcome Pierre back to talk about the…more

Access to Legal Counsel, Cybersecurity, Information Technology, Litigation Strategies

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Christos Ioannides

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Cyprus

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these market places and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Cyprus, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Pavel Jakab

Data Privacy Guide - Czech Republic

Introduction - The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) is the EU regulation which is directly applicable in all member states of the EU, including the Czech Republic, as of 25 May 2018. The new Czech…more

Consent, Czech Republic, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection

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Pál Jalsovszky

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hungary (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HUNGARIAN LAW - 1. Types of real estate transactions - In the Hungarian market, the typical types of real estate transactions can be differentiated as follows. 1.1 Transfer…more

Agricultural Land, Change in Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Market, Condominiums, Foreign Acquisitions

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Karel Janssens

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 53: Karel Janssens, & De Bandt | Belgium

Karel Janssens is a partner at & De Bandt in Brussels, Belgium, which is one of the ILN's newest member firms. In this episode, Lindsay and Karel discuss his passion for IP & IT law, its opportunities and challenges, and the…more

Business Development, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Sergei Jegorov

Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Andrew Jenkins

IP Myths vs. Reality: What You Don’t Know Could Cost You

Intellectual property (IP) is often misunderstood, leading to costly mistakes for businesses and individuals alike. Many assume that once they create something, they automatically own the rights everywhere, or that patents and…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Intellectual Property Litigation, Intellectual Property Protection, IP License

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Michael Jente

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Missouri Companies Need To Know

2019 Update - The #MeToo movement, which has grown international in scope, is a wide-ranging campaign to shed light on the occurrence of sexual assault and harassment, particularly in the workplace. The movement began in…more

#MeToo, Admissible Evidence, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers

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Eva Jiménez

The Training Wheels are Off: The Copyright Implications of Training Generative AI

With the introduction of several readily available applications, artificial intelligence (AI) has leaped into the mainstream and brought with it a host of legal questions. Following the release in November of the now popular…more

Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Copyright Litigation, Derivative Works

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Cristóbal Jiménez Farfán

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Chile

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER CHILEAN LAW - I- Introduction - Law N° 20.720 on Reorganization and Liquidation (“The Law”) modernized insolvency proceedings in Chile, promoting the…more

Bankruptcy Court, Chile, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors

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James Johnston

California Clears the Way for College Athletes to Get Their “Fair” Share of Licensing Pie

Sending shockwaves across the collegiate landscape, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed SB 206, the Fair Pay to Play Act (the Act) on September 30, 2019…more

Colleges, Compensation, Fair Pay to Play Act, Governor Newsom, Licensing Rights

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Ricardo Jorge Silva

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Portugal (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER PORTUGUESE LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - Portugal is an Iberian Peninsula country, bordered by the Atlantic to the west and south and Spain to the north and east. In addition to…more

Buyers, Company Limited by Shares, Eviction, Foreign Investment, Leases

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Tiago Dias José

Data Privacy Guide - Portugal

Introduction - Data protection is being driven by rapid technological advances and the increasing digitalization of society. Data protection legislation in Portugal is aligned with European Union law, in particular with the…more

Consent, Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection

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Andreas Kaeser

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 20: Andreas Kaeser, wehinger kaelin ferrari ag | Switzerland

Andreas Kaeser is a partner with one of the International Lawyers Network's founding firms, wehinger kaelin ferrari ag, in Zurich, Switzerland. In this episode, Lindsay and Andreas talk about what it's like to be one of the only…more

Client Communication, Client Services, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners

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Henry Kalus

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Australia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER AUSTRALIAN LAW - INTRODUCTION - The majority of land in Australia consists of freehold title. Registration of ownership of freehold title is recorded using the Torrens system…more

Auction, Australia, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Caveat Emptor

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Melissa Kanô

Establishing a Business Entity in Brazil (Updated)

The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are the…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Brazil, Business Entities

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Tamsin Kaplan

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 82: Tamsin Kaplan | Davis Malm, United States

Tamsin Kaplan is a shareholder, employment lawyer, and business litigator with Davis Malm, the ILN's member firm for Massachusetts. In this episode, Lindsay and Tamsin discuss the importance of corporate housekeeping for…more

Business Development, Compliance, Corporate Counsel, Employer Liability Issues, Law Practice Management

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Lino Chris Kapunan

Establishing a Business Entity in the Philippines (Updated)

I. Types of business entities - As a general rule, foreign equity is allowed to conduct and participate in business in the Philippines, through any of the following modes: 1. By investing in a domestic stock…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Domestic Corporations, Foreign Branch Offices

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Mitch Karsch

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 30: Mitch Karsch, Davis & Gilbert | United States

Mitch Karsch is a partner with International Lawyers Network member, Davis & Gilbert, and also an ILN board member. In this episode, Lindsay and Mitch talk about lessons learned during the pandemic, the long-term effects on…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Office Space

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Sander Kärson

Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Mythily Katsaris

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 40: Mythily Katsaris, Fladgate LLP | England

Mythily Katsaris is a partner with Fladgate LLP, a firm focused on partnerships with its clients and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Mythily discuss the disproportionate effect of the…more

Business Development, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Jeffrey Katz

The Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Trademark Applications and Registrations

On March 31, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued a notice concerning the waiver of certain trademark-related timing deadlines pursuant to Section 12004 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Filing Deadlines, Relief Measures, Time Extensions, Trademark Application

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Alex Kaufmann

Establishing a Business Entity in England (Updated)

Foreword - Despite a challenging macro-economic backdrop, the United Kingdom continues to thrive as one of the world’s leading global financial centres. As a location for business and investment, the UK provides a number of…more

Bank of England, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership

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Lajos Kecskés

Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

1 COMPANY FORMS - The following company forms are available in Hungary: (i) general partnership (Kkt.); (ii) limited partnerships (Bt.); (iii) limited liability company (Kft.); (iv) private company limited by…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Jonathan Kenny

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Australia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER AUSTRALIAN LAW - Companies - Corporate insolvency in Australia mostly involves a company being placed in liquidation or administration. Companies…more

Australia, Bankruptcy Court, Board of Directors, Commercial Bankruptcy, Confidential Information

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Gábor Kerekes J.

Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

1 COMPANY FORMS - The following company forms are available in Hungary: (i) general partnership (Kkt.); (ii) limited partnerships (Bt.); (iii) limited liability company (Kft.); (iv) private company limited by…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Sylvia Khoo

Establishing a Business Entity in Singapore (Updated)

Registration of Business Entities - Unless exempted, business entities must be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) via their business filing portal: BizFile+. A foreigner residing…more

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, Auditors, Board of Directors, Business Entities

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Gary Kibel

U.S. House Unveils the Latest Attempt at a U.S. Privacy Law: The American Privacy Rights Act

The United States is among the minority of large economies in the world without a comprehensive national privacy law. In the absence of such a law, numerous states are filling the void with a complex assortment of often…more

Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Brokers, Data Privacy, Data Protection, Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

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Anu Kirss

Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Zachary Klein

U.S. House Unveils the Latest Attempt at a U.S. Privacy Law: The American Privacy Rights Act

The United States is among the minority of large economies in the world without a comprehensive national privacy law. In the absence of such a law, numerous states are filling the void with a complex assortment of often…more

Consumer Privacy Rights, Data Brokers, Data Privacy, Data Protection, Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

See all updates »

Brad Knickerbocker

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Michigan (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MICHIGAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - A. Offers to Purchase that are accepted by sellers are the typical form of purchase contract for residential properties. The…more

Adverse Possession, As-Is Clauses, Building Permits, Buyers, C-Corporation

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Kenneth Kong

Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

See all updates »

Marlena Koscielniak

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER DUTCH LAW - I. Insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands - There are four law-regulated insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands: bankruptcy…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Devin Kothari

Patent Troll Suits Down, Not Out in 2018

Over the past half-decade, Congress and the courts have made aggressive efforts to curb the worst abuses of the patent system. In 2013, Congress passed the America Invents Act (AIA), which established the Patent Trial and Appeal…more

Abstract Ideas, America Invents Act, CLS Bank v Alice Corp, Congressional Intent, Constitutional Challenges

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Adéla Krbcová

Establishing a Business Entity in the Czech Republic (Updated)

1. Types of business entities - Investors may choose from the following forms of corporate structure: - Limited liability company - Joint-stock company - Limited liability partnership - General partnership -…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Paavana Kumar

FTC Staff Report Brings Dark Patterns to Light

Trick or treat? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) staff is focused on one “trick” this spooky season: Designing user interfaces to trick or manipulate users into taking actions they would not otherwise approve of, or putting…more

Advertising, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Marketing

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Nicholas Kurk, CIPP/US

Data Privacy and E-Commerce: Considerations for the Food and Beverage Industry

The global food and beverage e-commerce market is expected to grow to $22.4 billion in 2020, possibly reaching $36.4 billion in 2023. That’s up from $14.9 billion in 2019. Food and beverage e-commerce revenue in the United…more

Beverage Manufacturers, California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), Compliance, COPPA, Coronavirus/COVID-19

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C. K. Kwong, JP

Hong Kong’s Patents (Amendment) Ordinance 2016 (“the Ordinance” or “PAO”) came into force on 19th December 2019 to further improve the Hong Kong’s system of protecting intellectual property rights on inventions

To ensure that Hong Kong’s system continues to meet present-day circumstances and be in alignment with Government’s vision of developing Hong Kong into a regional innovation and technology hub, Hong Kong Government appointed an…more

Advisory Committee, Amended Rules, CNIPA, European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), Foreign Patent Applications

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Jussi Laakkonen

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Finland (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER FINNISH LAW - In Finland, insolvency legislation provides for two distinct statutory processes: bankruptcy and corporate restructuring, each with separate…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Markus Laakkonen

Establishing a Business Entity in Finland (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN FINLAND - The most common forms of business entities in Finland are a limited liability company, a general or a limited partnership, and a co-operative. It is also possible to run a…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Finland, Foreign Corporations

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Damir Lacevic

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Dutch Companies Need To Know

What constitutes sexual harassment? Sexual harassment occurs if someone shows verbal, non verbal or physical behavior with sexual connotation which aims at and results in the affection of the dignity of the other person. This…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers, Damages

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Lichelle Lapworth

Establishing A Business Entity In New Zealand (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are various entities available in New Zealand from which a business can be operated. The most commonly adopted entities are: 1. Company (including Incorporated Joint Venture (JVC)) 2…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Companies Act, Corporate Taxes

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Marián Lauko

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Conveyance Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land b) Purchase of a developed plot of land c) Purchase of…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Change in Ownership, Co-Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Luis Lavalle Moreno

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - I. Real Estate General Overview - The real estate business in Mexico has been increasingly growing during the last decades to the point that now it is…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Investment

See all updates »

Georgia Lavithi

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Cyprus (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CYPRIOT LAW - A. General - 1. Introduction - Cyprus is a common law jurisdiction, and its legal system is based on the UK one. It is a clear and robust system which leaves no…more

Beneficial Owner, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Cyprus, Inheritance Tax

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Lubomír Leško

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - I. Types of Real Property Conveyance Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land b) Purchase of a developed plot of land c) Purchase of…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Change in Ownership, Co-Ownership, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Alejandro Legaspi Lanz

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - Preface - On 12 May 2000, the Commercial Insolvency Law (the “CIL”) was published in the Federal Official Gazette, and it entered into…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Andreas Leonidou

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Cyprus (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CYPRIOT LAW - A. General - 1. Introduction - Cyprus is a common law jurisdiction, and its legal system is based on the UK one. It is a clear and robust system which leaves no…more

Beneficial Owner, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Cyprus, Inheritance Tax

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Dominik Loidl

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Austria (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER AUSTRIAN LAW - 1. Introductory Remarks on Austria’s Legal System - Austria has a civil law system, as opposed to the common law system of e.g., the…more

Austria, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Cross-Border

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Alfonso López-Ibor Aliño

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. INTRODUCTION -REGULATION INSOLVENCY OF OF COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS. We believe that the opportunity to present this article…more

Bankruptcy Court, Bankruptcy Plans, Bankruptcy Reform, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring

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Sebastian López-Sansón

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 14: Sebastian Lopez-Sanson, SyLS| Buenos Aires, Argentina

Sebastian López-Sansón is the founding partner of Salaberren & López-Sansón Abogados (SyLS) in Buenos Aires, Argentina and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Sebastian discuss the…more

Business Development, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Kypros Louca

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Cyprus (Updated)

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these market places and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Cyprus, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

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Nick Lovegrove

Establishing a Business Entity in New Zealand (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are various entities available in New Zealand from which a business can be operated. The most commonly adopted entities are: 1. Company (including Incorporated Joint Venture (JVC)) …more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Companies Act, Corporate Taxes

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Helena Luckhurst

Buying and Selling Real Estate in England and Wales (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRITISH LAW - 1. Introduction - Historically, there has been significant investment by overseas individuals and corporations in real estate in England and Wales and in…more

Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Commercial Leases, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Commonhold

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Rhona Luger

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Canada - Québec (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CANADIAN (QUÉBEC) LAW - Unlike the other Canadian provinces and territories, which are all common law jurisdictions, Québec is a civil law jurisdiction. It is governed by the Civil…more

Buyers, Canada, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Marie Lussier

Trademark Opposition Proceedings in Canada: Proposed Changes Now in Place

In July 2024, I discussed proposed changes to trademark proceedings in Canada. Following a public consultation period, revised Regulations came into force on April 1, 2024 that incorporate those proposed changes. The changes aim…more

Canada, Case Management, Copyright, Dispute Resolution, Evidence

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Marie Macdonald

Vaccine Requirements – UK

Since its widespread roll out over the past year, the UK Government’s COVID19 vaccination programme has been largely successful. To date, over 70% of the population are fully vaccinated and a vaccination booster programme has…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety

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Laura MacSporran

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Scottish Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. Background - As part of last year’s Labour & Employment group paper, "Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: What Your Company Needs to…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof, Co-Workers

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Andrew Mai

Establishing a Business Entity in Taiwan (Updated)

Introduction to Taiwan - In less than 50 years starting from 1949, Taiwan went from an agriculture-based economy to being an economic powerhouse and leader in the field of high-tech goods. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)…more

Annual Reports, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity

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Ján Makara

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Slovakian Companies Need To Know

2019 Update: In 2018, PETERKA & PARTNERS drafted the following chapter on what Slovakian companies need to know about sexual harassment in the workplace. In 2019, the ILN asked firms to consider the response following #MeToo in…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Discrimination Policies, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Burden of Proof

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Dhruv Manchanda

Establishing A Business Entity In India (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in India through which to conduct business: A foreign entity may establish a business presence in India by: • opening a liaison office,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Gains

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Dimka Markova

Vaccine Requirements – Canada: Montréal

Canada’s Constitution makes it such that the presumptive and preeminent jurisdiction in matters of employment, labour relations writ large, privacy and health and safety at work is provincial, not federal. This is in marked…more

Arbitration, Arbitration Awards, Canada, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Liability Issues

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Diego Martinez Berlanga

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Mexico (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER MEXICAN LAW - I. Real Estate General Overview - The real estate business in Mexico has been increasingly growing during the last decades to the point that now it is…more

Buyers, Closing Costs, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Investment

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Diogo Vitorino Martins

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Portugal (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER PORTUGUESE LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - Portugal is an Iberian Peninsula country, bordered by the Atlantic to the west and south and Spain to the north and east. In addition to its…more

Buyers, Company Limited by Shares, Due Diligence, Eviction, Foreign Investment

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Laurent Marville

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in France

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER FRENCH LAW - Under French law, companies are protected by several procedures to overcome financial difficulties. This legal protection aims to help…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Tomaz Matheus

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Brazil (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRAZILIAN LAW - 1. OVERVIEW OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY - Brazil is a federative republic and the largest country in both South and Latin America. It is also the world's fifth-largest…more

Brazil, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Construction Project, Property Ownership

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Jane Mayfield

Establishing a Business Entity in England (Updated)

Foreword - Despite a challenging macro-economic backdrop, the United Kingdom continues to thrive as one of the world’s leading global financial centres. As a location for business and investment, the UK provides a number of…more

Bank of England, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership

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Sean Mellino

IP Myths vs. Reality: What You Don’t Know Could Cost You

Intellectual property (IP) is often misunderstood, leading to costly mistakes for businesses and individuals alike. Many assume that once they create something, they automatically own the rights everywhere, or that patents and…more

Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Intellectual Property Litigation, Intellectual Property Protection, IP License

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Halyna Melnyk

Data Privacy Guide - Ukraine

Introduction - Below is a brief outline of the legal regulation of personal protection in Ukraine. Governing Data Protection Legislation - 2.1. Overview of principal legislation - The main legal act governing…more

Consent, Data Controller, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection

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Kriton Metaxopoulos

Establishing a Business Entity in Greece (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The main business entities in Greece are the following: i) the Société Anonyme (S.A.); ii) the Private Company (P.C.); iii) the Limited Liability Company (Ltd); iv) the General Partnership…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Formation

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Ben Milloy

UK Appeal Court: Beware of the “Side-By-Side” Trade Mark Comparison

Iconix Luxembourg Holdings SARL v Dream Pairs Europe Inc & Anor [2024] EWCA Civ 29 (26 January 2024) - When assessing the likelihood of confusion between two marks in a trade mark clearance or infringement context, the orthodox…more

Intellectual Property Protection, Likelihood of Confusion, Trademark Infringement, Trademark Litigation, Trademarks

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Dr. Jochen Mittag

Establishing a Business Entity in Germany (Updated)

Anyone can establish a business in Germany - irrespective of citizenship, nationality, or place of residence. There is no specific investment legislation for foreign entrepreneurs. Any entrepreneur can make his choice from…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity, Company Limited by Shares

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Dimpy Mohanty

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What Indian Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. IMPACT OF #METOO IN INDIA – WHAT HAS CHANGED In July of last year, we covered critical aspects of sexual harassment laws in India under a…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers, Damages

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Jaime Morey

Data Privacy Guide - Spain

Introduction - We have compiled the main differences between the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of…more

Data Collection, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection, Data Protection Officers (DPOs)

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Brendah Nabatanzi Mpanga

Establishing a Business Entity in Uganda

1. INTRODUCTION - Given that Uganda was a British colony, the English legal system and law are predominant in Uganda. Uganda's legal system is based on English Common Law and African customary law. However, customary law is…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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Dr. Cathy Mputhia

Establishing a Business Entity in Kenya (Updated)

[co-author: Mourice Okon] a) Types of business entities in Kenya - Kenya has 5 main types of business entities that is, sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability partnerships, companies, non-governmental…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Gains, Corporate Governance

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James Muraff

QR codes with company logos can be a recipe for disaster – or a patent lawsuit

Say your company wants to run a new advertising campaign that includes a QR code for people to scan for additional information about your products or services. Not only that, but your creative team decides to go a step further…more

Advertising, Jimmy John's, Logos, Patent Infringement, Patent Litigation

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Dóra Ágnes Nagy

Vaccine Requirements – Hungary

[co-author: Aron Mikos] Vaccine Requirements in Hungary - As from 7 March 2022, the Hungarian government has repealed most of the requirements, obligations and benefits relating to COVID-19 vaccination. Immunity…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Employer Mandates, Employment Policies, Health and Safety, Hungary

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Kristína Nanková

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Slovakia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SLOVAKIAN LAW - We present here the following answers to the questions mentioned in the ILN Restructuring & Insolvency Collaborative Paper which reflect…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Alishan Naqvee

Establishing a Business Entity in India (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in India through which to conduct business: A foreign entity may establish a business presence in India by: • opening a liaison…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Capital Gains

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Can Natan

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Turkey (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW - 1. Agreement Types - Pursuant to Turkish laws, a real estate sale and purchase agreement shall be in an official form and the transfer of ownership of real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Acquisitions, Foreign Investment

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Bárbara Neyra

Establishing A Business Entity In Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Noel Ng

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Singapore (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SINGAPOREAN LAW - INTRODUCTION - There are two systems of land registration in Singapore: registration under the Registrations of Deeds Act, known as “unregistered land”, and…more

Buyers, Fee Simple, Foreign Ownership, Joint Ownership, Joint Tenancy

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Marilena Nikolaraki

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Greece (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER GREEK LAW - 1. PROCEDURE – MAIN STEPS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION UNDER GREEK LAW. Acquisition of a real estate property in Greece includes mainly the following steps: -…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Fees, Foreign Acquisitions

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Elena Nikolarea

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Greece (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER GREEK LAW - 1. PROCEDURE – MAIN STEPS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION UNDER GREEK LAW. Acquisition of a real estate property in Greece includes mainly the following steps: -…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Fees, Foreign Acquisitions

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Wada Nobuhiro

Establishing a Business Entity in Japan

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business --- Business entities available for doing business in Japan - 1.1.1 Introduction …more

Auditors, Business Development, Business Entities, Business Formation, Foreign Investment

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Geraldine Noel

Establishing a Business Entity in Malta (Updated)

Introduction - With its corporate laws based upon those of the UK, Malta has incorporated laws and principles into its own legislation, providing comfort and security to the commercial and business community. The most…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Corporate Taxes, EU

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Ronald Norwood

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 31: Ron Norwood, Lewis Rice | United States

Ron Norwood is a partner with Lewis Rice in St. Louis, Missouri, a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Ron talk extensively about his work as a mentor, including how and why he gives back,…more

Diversity and Inclusion Standards (D&I), Firm Leadership, Law Firm Partners, Mentors, Race Relations

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Sheena Ogra

Buying and Selling Real Estate in India (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER INDIAN LAW - INVESTMENT AND CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - 1. INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - Since the liberalization of Indian economy, the real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Encumbrances, Foreign Direct Investment, Freehold Estates

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Taísa Oliveira

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Brazil

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER BRAZILIAN LAW - 1. A brief presentation of the bankruptcy/ insolvency/ rehabilitation proceedings of the country and their main differences. The Brazilian…more

Bankruptcy Court, Brazil, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors

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H. Emre Özcan

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Turkey (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER TURKISH LAW - 1. Agreement Types - Pursuant to Turkish laws, a real estate sale and purchase agreement shall be in an official form and the transfer of ownership of real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Corporate Taxes, Foreign Acquisitions, Foreign Investment

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Anthony Panebianco

Episode 88: Anthony Panebianco | Davis Malm

Anthony Panebianco? is a shareholder with ?Davis Malm?, the ILN's member firm for Boston, Massachusetts. In this episode, Lindsay and Anthony chat about the current market for litigation and transactional matters, why being…more

Business Development, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Professional Development, Professional Networking

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Vanessa Pantelakis

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 57: Vanessa Pantelakis, WOLPERT RECHTSANWÄLTE PartG mbB | Germany

Vanessa Pantelakis is a partner at WOLPERT RECHTSANWÄLTE PartG mbB a part of the ILN's German Group. In this episode, Lindsay and Vanessa chat about the mental health crisis that the pandemic has created for women and young…more

Business Development, Client Services, Firm Leadership, Professional Development

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Charles-Audouin Pascaud

Establishing a Business Entity in France (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - • Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - Business may be conducted in France either through a French branch of a foreign…more

Articles of Association, Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Mónica Pastor

Establishing a Business Entity in Colombia (Updated)

DOING BUSINESS IN COLOMBIA - 1. Preliminary Considerations: In Colombia, a foreign company is able to act and do business by itself, for example, by contracting with local entities or investing foreign currencies. Entering…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Contributions, Colombia

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Lorna Patajo-Kapunan

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 23: Lorna Patajo-Kapunan, Kapunan & Castillo | Philippines

Lorna Patajo-Kapunan is the founder of Kapunan & Castillo, a full-service law firm with extensive experience in varied areas of law and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Lorna cover…more

Client Services, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Andrea Pedeferri

Establishing A Business Entity In Italy (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - 1.1 Premises - The Italian law provides multiple forms of organizational structures in order to do business in Italy, which differ from one another due to the extent of the liability…more

Articles of Association, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capitalization

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Katalin Perényi

Establishing a Business Entity in Hungary (Updated)

1 COMPANY FORMS - The following company forms are available in Hungary: (i) general partnership (Kkt.); (ii) limited partnerships (Bt.); (iii) limited liability company (Kft.); (iv) private company limited by…more

Auditors, Audits, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation

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Roy Perrott

Buying and Selling Real Estate in England and Wales (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRITISH LAW - 1. Introduction - Historically, there has been significant investment by overseas individuals and corporations in real estate in England and Wales and in…more

Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Commercial Leases, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Commonhold

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Neal Perryman

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What US: Missouri Companies Need To Know

2019 Update - The #MeToo movement, which has grown international in scope, is a wide-ranging campaign to shed light on the occurrence of sexual assault and harassment, particularly in the workplace. The movement began in…more

#MeToo, Admissible Evidence, Affirmative Defenses, Claim Procedures, Co-Workers

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Kathleen Markowski Petrillo

COVID-19 and Intellectual Property

Despite the COVID-19 closures and cancellations, some governmental intellectual property offices have not extended deadlines, so parties should remain mindful that protections for individuals and businesses should not be…more

Asia, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), China, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Court Closures

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Caroline Philipps

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What English Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. UK update 2019 - The #MeToo movement continues to encourage women to speak out about unacceptable behaviours that they encounter at work…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Harassment Policies, Burden of Proof, Co-Workers

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Agnius Pilipavicius

Establishing a Business Entity in Lithuania (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - Investors may choose from the following types of business entities: • Private limited liability company • Public limited liability company • Individual enterprise • Limited…more

Audits, Board of Directors, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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George Polemidiotis

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Cyprus (Updated)

This guide offers an overview of legal aspects of bankruptcy, insolvency and rehabilitation in the requisite jurisdictions. It is meant as an introduction to these market places and does not offer specific legal advice. This…more

Commercial Bankruptcy, Creditors, Cyprus, Debt Restructuring, Debtors

See all updates »

Eddie Powell

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 39: Eddie Powell, Fladgate LLP | England

Eddie Powell is a partner with Fladgate LLP, a firm focused on partnerships with its clients and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Eddie focus on the firm's accelerated agility, the…more

Business Development, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Francisco Prado

Establishing a Business Entity in Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Pavla Kopecková Prikrylová

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Czech Republic (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CZECH REPUBLIC LAW - I. Types of Real Property Transactions - a) Purchase of an undeveloped plot of land; b) Purchase of a developed plot of land; c) Purchase of a…more

Business Formation, Buyers, Co-Ownership, Commercial Property Owners, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Andreea Mihaela Purcaru

Data Privacy Guide - Romania

Governing Data Protection Legislation - 2.1. Overview of principal legislation - The General Regulation Data Protection (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (“GDPR”), as implemented by Law 190/2018 is the principal data protection…more

Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection, Data Protection Officers (DPOs), Data Security

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Marc Rachman

Is the Legal Test for Expressive Use of a Trademark on The Rocks? Jack Daniel’s Prevails at the Supreme Court

The Bottom Line - The U.S. Supreme Court recently decided that, when using another’s trademark “as a designation of source for the infringer’s own goods,” one is not entitled to a First Amendment defense even if the use is a…more

Dilution, First Amendment, Intellectual Property Protection, Jack Daniels Properties Inc v VIP Products LLC, Lanham Act

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Bent Ramskov

Establishing a Business Entity in Denmark (Updated)

1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are several forms of business entities in Denmark and there are a wide range of possibilities for establishing a business entity in Denmark. The most suitable entity depends on a variety…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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Richard Reuben

Buying and Selling Real Estate in England and Wales (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER BRITISH LAW - 1. Introduction - Historically, there has been significant investment by overseas individuals and corporations in real estate in England and Wales and in…more

Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, City Planning Departments, Commercial Leases, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

See all updates »

Helga Lopes Ribeiro

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Portugal (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER PORTUGUESE LAW - I. INTRODUCTION - Portugal is an Iberian Peninsula country, bordered by the Atlantic to the west and south and Spain to the north and east. In addition to…more

Buyers, Company Limited by Shares, Eviction, Foreign Investment, Leases

See all updates »

Diane Ridgway

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Australia (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER AUSTRALIAN LAW - INTRODUCTION - The majority of land in Australia consists of freehold title. Registration of ownership of freehold title is recorded using the Torrens system…more

Auction, Australia, Buyers, Capital Gains Tax, Caveat Emptor

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Samantha Rothaus

SAG-AFTRA vs. AI: Protecting Performers in the Digital Age

The power and application of AI is growing exponentially. As is often the case with the introduction of revolutionary technologies, legislation at both the federal and state level has been slow to catch up. On a daily basis,…more

Artificial Intelligence, Artists, Copyright, Entertainment Industry, Intellectual Property Protection

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Andra Rubene

Establishing A Business Entity In Latvia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - Foreign investors may choose from the types of business entities: • Limited liability company • Joint stock company • Individual merchant • General partnership • Limited liability…more

Beneficial Owner, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Borja Ruíz-Mateos Albarracín

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. INTRODUCTION -REGULATION INSOLVENCY OF OF COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS. We believe that the opportunity to present this article…more

Bankruptcy Court, Bankruptcy Plans, Bankruptcy Reform, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring

See all updates »

Siobhan Siw Ryan

Establishing a Business Entity in Denmark (Updated)

1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are several forms of business entities in Denmark and there are a wide range of possibilities for establishing a business entity in Denmark. The most suitable entity depends on a variety…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Corporate Governance

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Siret Saks

Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Rafael Salaberren Dupont

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Argentina (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER ARGENTINIAN LAW - I. INTRODUCTION. Below you will find a brief outline of the legal regulation of the acquisition of real estate property in Argentina, which is mainly governed…more

Acquisitions, Argentina, Buyers, Condominiums, Corporate Taxes

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Ziad Salloum

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 74: Ziad Salloum, Salloum & Partners, United Arab Emirates

Ziad Salloum is a partner with Salloum & Partners, an Emirati law firm and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Ziad chat about the current and very diverse state of the market in the…more

Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Mikael Salmi

Establishing a Business Entity in Finland (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN FINLAND - The most common forms of business entities in Finland are a limited liability company, a general or a limited partnership, and a co-operative. It is also possible to run a…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Finland, Foreign Corporations

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Lavinia Savini

Banksy’s “Flower Thrower” Trademark: A Critical Appraisal of the Recent Decision of EUIPO Cancellation Division

The Cancellation Division of EUIPO has recently issued a resounding decision declaring the invalidity of the figurative trademark representing the “Flower thrower”, one of the most iconic Banksy’s mural paintings. The…more

Copyright, EU, European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), Graffiti, Intellectual Property Protection

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Sahar Sayyad

Establishing A Business Entity In Canada (Updated)

Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multicultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages pursuant to the Official…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Canada, Canadian Competition Act, CASL

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María Schäfer Navas

Establishing A Business Entity In Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment are:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Juan Pablo Schwencke

Establishing a Business Entity in Chile (Updated)

I. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of the types of entities available - In Chile, there are different types of entities available to establish a business. The most common entities for foreign investment…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Bylaws, Capital Requirements

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Philipp Sebesta

Establishing a Business Entity in Austria (Updated)

1. Introduction - In principle any national citizen or foreign national is allowed to establish a business in Austria. A company is defined as a partnership of at least two persons (exceptions for limited liability…more

Audits, Austria, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

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Ioana Sebestin

Establishing a Business Entity in Romania (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - When entering the Romanian market, foreign investors have the option of incorporating a new legal entity with a Romanian legal personality, or setting up a unit of a foreign mother company,…more

Anti-Avoidance, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance

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Anthony Shatz

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 56: Anthony Shatz, Fladgate LLP | England

Anthony Shatz is a corporate partner at Fladgate LLP, the ILN's member firm for England. In this episode, Lindsay and Anthony discuss the energy crisis and war in Ukraine and its impact on businesses and the legal industry in…more

Crisis Management, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners

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Selena She

Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

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Colin Shi

Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

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Brooke Erdos Singer

Is the Legal Test for Expressive Use of a Trademark on The Rocks? Jack Daniel’s Prevails at the Supreme Court

The Bottom Line - The U.S. Supreme Court recently decided that, when using another’s trademark “as a designation of source for the infringer’s own goods,” one is not entitled to a First Amendment defense even if the use is a…more

Dilution, First Amendment, Intellectual Property Protection, Jack Daniels Properties Inc v VIP Products LLC, Lanham Act

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Alexa Meera Singh

FTC Staff Report Brings Dark Patterns to Light

Trick or treat? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) staff is focused on one “trick” this spooky season: Designing user interfaces to trick or manipulate users into taking actions they would not otherwise approve of, or putting…more

Advertising, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Marketing

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Peter Sit

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Hong Kong (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER HONG KONG LAW - Introduction - Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities over the world. Due to historical reasons, almost all lands in Hong Kong are leasehold…more

Ad Valorem Tax, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Deeds, Financing

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Michael Slan

Establishing a Business Entity in Canada (Updated)

INTRODUCTION - Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multi-cultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Operations, Canada, Canadian Competition Act

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Garv Sood

Buying and Selling Real Estate in India (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER INDIAN LAW - INVESTMENT AND CONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - 1. INTRODUCTION TO REAL ESTATE IN INDIA - Since the liberalization of Indian economy, the real estate…more

Buyers, Commercial Property Owners, Encumbrances, Foreign Direct Investment, Freehold Estates

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Colleen Spring Zimmerman

Understanding Privilege: Is Your Canadian Patent Agent Also A Lawyer?

In Canada, there are practising patent agents and trademarks agents who are not lawyers. They are not admitted to any bar of any province or territory in Canada and are not members of any law society. The College of Patent…more

Canada, Client Communication, Intellectual Property Litigation, Patent Act, Patent Agent Privilege

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Pablo Stöger Pérez

Data Privacy Guide - Spain

Introduction - We have compiled the main differences between the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of…more

Data Collection, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection, Data Protection Officers (DPOs)

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Scott Swenson

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 44: Scott Swenson, Connolly Gallagher LLP | United States

Scott Swenson is a trusts & estates partner with Connolly Gallagher, LLP in Delaware, which is also an ILN member firm. In this episode, Lindsay and Scott discuss the transition between practicing law and managing your practice,…more

Business Development, Law Practice Management, Professional Development

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Jordan Thompson

SAG-AFTRA vs. AI: Protecting Performers in the Digital Age

The power and application of AI is growing exponentially. As is often the case with the introduction of revolutionary technologies, legislation at both the federal and state level has been slow to catch up. On a daily basis,…more

Artificial Intelligence, Artists, Copyright, Entertainment Industry, Intellectual Property Protection

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Michael Tinkler

Establishing a Business Entity in New Zealand (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are various entities available in New Zealand from which a business can be operated. The most commonly adopted entities are: 1. Company (including Incorporated Joint Venture (JVC)) …more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Taxes, Companies Act, Corporate Taxes

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See Kiat Toh

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Singapore (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SINGAPOREAN LAW - INTRODUCTION - There are two systems of land registration in Singapore: registration under the Registration of Deeds Act, known as “unregistered land”, and…more

Acquisitions, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Ownership, Joint Ownership

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Mikko Tolvanen

Establishing a Business Entity in Finland (Updated)

1. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AVAILABLE IN FINLAND - The most common forms of business entities in Finland are a limited liability company, a general or a limited partnership, and a co-operative. It is also possible to run a…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Corporate Governance, Finland, Foreign Corporations

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Georg Tomschizek

Establishing a Business Entity in Austria (Updated)

1. Introduction - In principle any national citizen or foreign national is allowed to establish a business in Austria. A company is defined as a partnership of at least two persons (exceptions for limited liability…more

Audits, Austria, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Gains Tax

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Fernando Torremocha García de la Rasilla

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Spain (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER SPANISH LAW - I. PROCEDURE OF A REAL ESTATE TRANSACTION - 1. Brokers - A. In Spain, both parties are free to hire a Broker to conduct the conveyance process of real estate…more

Acquisitions, Buyers, Commercial Real Estate Contracts, Foreign Acquisitions, Foreign Investment

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Mike Tremeer

Sexual Harassment In The Workplace: What English Companies Need To Know

We include the 2018 chapter in its entirety for reference following the 2019 update. UK update 2019 - The #MeToo movement continues to encourage women to speak out about unacceptable behaviours that they encounter at work…more

#MeToo, Affirmative Defenses, Anti-Harassment Policies, Burden of Proof, Co-Workers

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Ruey-Sen Tsai

In Determination of Trademark Parody Fair Use, Culture Differences and the Products Used Should be Considered

Generally speaking, “trademark parody fair use” is a defense where an unauthorized trademark user claims that the use should be shielded from liability because of public interests such as freedom of speech. In Taiwan, while…more

Fair Use, Parody, Trademark Infringement, Trademarks

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Marc Udink

Bankruptcy, Insolvency & Rehabilitation Proceedings in the Netherlands (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF BANKRUPTCY, INSOLVENCY & REHABILITATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER DUTCH LAW - I. Insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands - There are four law-regulated insolvency proceedings in The Netherlands: bankruptcy…more

Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors, Debt Restructuring

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Ronald Urbach

Don’t Be Bamboozled by Environmental Benefit Claims

$5.5 Million FTC Settlements for Bamboo Textile and Environmental Benefit Claims Under Penalty Offense Authority - The FTC recently announced that it has reached a $2.5 million settlement with Kohl’s and a $3 million…more

Civil Monetary Penalty, Enforcement Actions, False Advertising, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), FTC Act

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Taras Utiralov

Data Privacy Guide - Ukraine

Introduction - Below is a brief outline of the legal regulation of personal protection in Ukraine. Governing Data Protection Legislation - 2.1. Overview of principal legislation - The main legal act governing…more

Consent, Data Controller, Data Privacy, Data Processors, Data Protection

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Sander van der Voorde

Buying and Selling Real Estate in Chile (Updated)

KEY FACTS OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS UNDER CHILEAN LAW - I. STANDARD FORMS OF AGREEMENTS - 1. Offer to Purchase sets forth Buyer's offer of price, date for closing, contingencies for inspections, financing, etc., and date…more

Buyers, Chile, Closing Costs, Closing Documents, Commercial Real Estate Contracts

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Maris Vutt

Establishing a Business Entity in Estonia (Updated)

1. Types of Business Entities - The most common types of companies in Estonia are the public limited liability company ("AS") and the private limited liability company ("OÜ"). The OÜ may be compared to a closed corporation:…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Requirements, Corporate Governance

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Ryan Wachtel

Establishing a Business Entity in Canada (Updated)

INTRODUCTION - Bilingual and Bi-Juridical - Canada is a bilingual, bi-juridical, and multi-cultural country, composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories. English and French are federally mandated official languages…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Operations, Canada, Canadian Competition Act

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Michelle Waknine

Harry and Meghan’s trade mark problem – third party jumps on the bandwagon and applies to register same mark in the EU to cover “jewellery” and “beer”

The Duke and Duchess of Sussex submitted a trade mark application with the World Intellectual Property Office last year to register “SUSSEX ROYAL” in the UK, EU, Australia, Canada and the US. The application covers a range of…more

Australia, Canada, Celebrities, EU, European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO)

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Richard Walsh, Jr.

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 22: Rick Walsh, Lewis Rice LLC | United States

Rick Walsh is the Chairman of Lewis Rice, a leading regional law firm based in St. Louis, Missouri with additional strategic offices. They are also a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this episode, Lindsay and Rick…more

Business Development, Client Services, Coronavirus/COVID-19, Corporate Culture, Firm Leadership

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Howard Weingrad

SAG-AFTRA vs. AI: Protecting Performers in the Digital Age

The power and application of AI is growing exponentially. As is often the case with the introduction of revolutionary technologies, legislation at both the federal and state level has been slow to catch up. On a daily basis,…more

Artificial Intelligence, Artists, Copyright, Entertainment Industry, Intellectual Property Protection

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Anton Westin

Establishing a Business Entity in Sweden (Updated)

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE VARIOUS AVAILABLE LEGAL ENTITY TYPES - The most common form of legal entity to start a newco in Sweden is through a Limited Liability Company (Sw. Aktiebolag). There are, however, other types of legal…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Choice of Entity, Corporate Governance

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Denise Wightman

Establishing a Business Entity in Australia (Updated)

TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES - There are a number of business structures to choose from when starting a new business venture in Australia. Investors need to determine which form of business organisation is the most…more

Australia, Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Raising

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Joy Wildes

Trademark Considerations for Copyrighted Works in the Public Domain

In the United States, an original work of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression (meaning the work can be communicated in a visual or audio form) is a protectable copyright. This means that the owner has the…more

Copyright, Disney, Intellectual Property Protection, Public Domain, Trademarks

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Claes Wildfang

Descendants of Danish well-known scientist could not prevent the use of his name by a large Danish based stated-owned energy company

The descendants of a well-known Danish scientist could not prevent the commercial use of the name ØRSTED as a trademark, domain and company name by the Ørsted Group (former Dong Energy A/S)…more

Commercial Use, Deceased, Denmark, Domain Names, European Trade Mark Regulation (EUTMR)

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Jeffrey Wisler

Bankruptcy Proceedings in the United States (Updated)

Bankruptcy Proceedings in the United States - General Overview of the Primary Protection Granted to a Debtor Under the United States Bankruptcy Code - The United States Bankruptcy Code, through its various chapters,…more

Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Court, Commercial Bankruptcy, Corporate Restructuring, Creditors

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Søren Wolder

Recent judgment from the CJEU may have consequences for preliminary injunctions in Denmark

In a recent judgment from The Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) in case C-688/17, the CJEU had the chance to provide an interpretation of adequate compensation contained in article 9(7) of Directive 2004/48…more

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), EU, Hungary, Member State, Patent Infringement

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Marga Wolpert-Witzel

Law Firm ILN-telligence Podcast | Episode 16: Marga Wolpert-Witzel, Wolpert Rechtsanwaelte | Bad Homburg, Germany

Marga Wolpert-Witzel is the founding partner of Wolpert Rechtsanwälte, a firm specializing in intellectual property, competition and antitrust law in central Germany, and a member of the International Lawyers Network. In this…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Firm Leadership, Law Firm Associates, Law Firm Partners, Law Practice Management

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Joseph Wong

Establishing a Business Entity in Hong Kong (Updated)

ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS ENTITY IN HONG KONG - 1. Introduction - Hong Kong as an international centre for finance, commerce and trade is often considered as one of the most attractive places to do business owing to its…more

Business Entities, Business Formation, Business Ownership, Capital Gains, Choice of Entity

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Tim Wright

The Open COVID Pledge

Intellectual property rights are – by definition – monopolistic. How, then, can researchers, charities and NGOs collaborate with business in the development of new technologies to control and eradicate COVID-19?…more

Coronavirus/COVID-19, Infectious Diseases, Intellectual Property Protection, IP License, Pledges

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Shih-I Wu

The Supreme Court’s Adjudication on Whether a Post-grant Amendment of a Granted Patent Constitutes an Amendment of the Litigation Claim

When granted with a patent right, the patentee may file a request for amending the description, claim(s) or drawing(s) of the granted patent. Hence, once an alleged infringer has presented prior evidence sufficient to establish…more

Claim Amendments, Patent Infringement, Patent Litigation, Patents, Post-Grant Review

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Joyce Zhang

Establishing a Business Entity in China (Updated)

In general, foreign funds are not freely movable into China. There is a long history of exercising comprehensive control over foreign investment since China opened its door in the early 1980s. As the economy continues to grow,…more

Board of Directors, Business Entities, Business Formation, Capital Contributions, China

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Danielle Zolot

Supreme Court Narrows Definition of Autodialer in Facebook Ruling

The U.S. Supreme Court released its eagerly anticipated decision in Facebook Inc. v. Duguid yesterday, narrowly construing the definition of an automatic telephone dialing system, or autodialer, under the Telephone Consumer…more

ATDS, Auto-Dialed Calls, Facebook, Facebook Inc v Duguid, Random or Sequential Number Generator

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