News & Analysis as of

Waters of the United States Discharge of Pollutants

Troutman Pepper Locke

Citizen Suits and Larger Penalties May Be the Future of California Water Quality Protections

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The California legislature continues to advance Senate Bill 601 (SB 601), the “Right to Clean Water Act,” which aims to safeguard protections for California’s streams and wetlands that lost federal protection under the Clean...more

Clark Hill PLC

San Francisco v. EPA Brings the End of “End Result” NPDES Permit Requirements

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In its recent decision in San Francisco v. EPA, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a Ninth Circuit interpretation of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), the second case in just two years where the Court has disagreed with the EPA’s...more

Kelley Drye & Warren LLP

Supreme Court Strikes Down ​“End-Result” Requirements in NPDES Permits

On March 4, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that prohibits the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA” or ​“the Agency”) from setting qualitative limits based on the condition of the ​“receiving waters” that...more

Nossaman LLP

City and County of San Francisco vs. EPA: Implications for Clean Water Act Permittees

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On March 4, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its opinion in the case City and County of San Francisco v. Environmental Protection Agency, in which it held that “end-result” requirements routinely imposed by the U.S....more

Stinson LLP

Supreme Court Rules for Permit Holders on Age-Old CWA Dispute

Stinson LLP on

In a 5-4 ruling on March 4, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lacks authority to impose Clean Water Act (CWA) conditions in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)...more

Mitchell, Williams, Selig, Gates & Woodyard,...

Wetlands/Clean Water Act Enforcement: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and SpaceX Enter into Consent Agreement and Final Order

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (“SpaceX”) entered into a January 15th Consent Agreement and Final Order (“CAFO”) addressing alleged violations of the Clean...more

Mintz

EPA's Most Recent Draft NPDES General Permit Could Earn It Another Trip to the Supreme Court

Mintz on

Sam Hess of Inside EPA and many others are writing about EPA's Halloween Trick or Treat – the publication of a draft Clean Water Act NPDES General Permit that would apply to “commercial, industrial and institutional”...more

Mitchell, Williams, Selig, Gates & Woodyard,...

Stormwater Clean Water Act Citizen Suit/Waters of the U.S.: Federal Court Addresses Applicability to Wet-Weather Stream

A United States District Court (W.D. Texas, “Court”) addressed in a June 11th Decision issues arising out of a Clean Water Act citizen suit enforcement action. See Ragsdale v. JLM Construction Services, Inc. 2024 WL 2933009. ...more

Mitchell, Williams, Selig, Gates & Woodyard,...

404/Wetlands Enforcement: United States Department of Justice and Wayne County, New York Agricultural Operation Enter into Consent...

The United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and Wafler Farms, Inc., doing business as Wafler Nursery & Orchards (“WFI”) entered into a July 23rd Consent Decree (“CD”) addressing alleged violations of the Clean Water Act....more

Verrill

Better Communication Among Regulators and the Regulated Can Improve Outcomes for Wastewater Permittees

Verrill on

As our understanding of the environment and anthropogenic impact grows, protection efforts increasingly spawn regulation. Media coverage of perceived harms to health and the environment and well-funded advocacy by...more

Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP

Confronting Regulatory Fluidity in the Post-Maui and Post-Sackett World of Water Regulation

Both regulators and the regulated community must remain alert to accommodate the constantly changing regulatory scheme created in the post-Sackett world. The application of Maui and Sackett in recent months confirms the...more

Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck

Tenth Circuit Weighs In on Maui’s “Functional Equivalent” Test

The Tenth Circuit became the second federal appellate court—after the Ninth Circuit—to analyze how federal district courts should evaluate whether a discharge of pollutants to groundwater is the “functional equivalent” of a...more

Mintz

Now a Federal Judge in Louisiana will determine the validity of EPA's interpretation of Section 401 of the Clean Water Act

Mintz on

When EPA published its most recent rule specifying the role of States and Tribes in the Federal permitting of discharges into Waters of the United States, I predicted it was only a matter of time before we'd see another...more

Mintz

EPA's new Maui Functional Equivalence Guidance is guidance in name only as confusion continues to reign over the reach of the...

Mintz on

Just before the Thanksgiving holiday EPA issued draft guidance regarding when a discharge of a “pollutant” to groundwater is the “functional equivalent” of a discharge to a Water of the United States requiring a NPDES permit...more

Cranfill Sumner LLP

Fourth Circuit Limits Reach of Federal Regulation Under the “Major Questions” Doctrine as it Relieves Shrimp Trawlers from Clean...

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The Clean Water Act (“CWA”) regulates the discharge of certain “pollutants” into waters of the United States (“WOTUS”).  Should shrimp trawlers be subject to the regulatory framework under the CWA when they return “bycatch”...more

Mintz

Surprising to see EPA now taking steps to make it easier for states to take over the Federal Government's dredge and fill permit...

Mintz on

I'm surprised to see the Biden Administration EPA moving forward right now with a rule proposed during the Trump Administration to allow states to take over responsibility for the permitting of "dredge and fill" activities...more

Verrill

Supreme Court Ignores Dictionary, Limits Clean Water Act

Verrill on

The United States Supreme Court decided last week in Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency that a word does not mean what the dictionary, Congress, or two federal agencies have for 45 years understood it to mean....more

Akerman LLP

WOTUS, SCOTUS, and POTUS—Act III (Or Is it Act IV?)

Akerman LLP on

Section 404 of the Clean Water Act of 1972, 33 U.S.C. Section 1251 et seq., prohibits the discharge of dredged or fill material into “navigable waters” without a permit. Section 502(7) of that act defines “navigable waters”...more

Husch Blackwell LLP

EPA Publishes Final Rule Revising Definition of “Waters of the United States”

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On January 18, 2023, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the Department of the Army published a new final rule to re-define “waters of the United States” (“WOTUS”) under the Federal Clean Water Act (“CWA”)....more

Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton LLP

Turbulence Ahead for the Clean Water Act: Agencies Redefine “Waters of the United States” as SCOTUS Prepares to Rule in Sackett v....

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on Wednesday published a final rule defining “Waters of the United States,” or WOTUS, which determines the extent of federal regulatory authority...more

Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck

Colorado Meets Maui: District Court Analyzes Discharges to Groundwater

Maui has finally made its way to Colorado. In what appears to be the first application of County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund, 140 S. Ct. 1462 (2020) in the state, the District of Colorado recently held that certain...more

Mintz

EPA's Science Advisory Board says EPA's definition of Waters of the United States is supported by science but will that matter to...

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A little over a month ago EPA's Science Advisory Board decided "EPA could benefit from SAB review of the science supporting [EPA's] proposed definition of Waters of the United States.” As many of you know, EPA's proposal is...more

Downey Brand LLP

Developing Offshore Wind in California – Environmental Permitting and Interconnection Considerations

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The California coast offers significant potential for offshore wind development that can help the state reach its renewable energy goals. Developers of wind energy projects located off the California coast will face a number...more

Jenner & Block

WOTUS to Get The SCOTUS Treatment, Again

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On January 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear a case on the scope and authority of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”). The Court granted certiorari in the case of Sackett v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,...more

Mintz

Will Rogers, Farmers and Waters of the United States

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The social commentator Will Rogers famously said that a "farmer has to be an optimist or he wouldn’t still be a farmer." Those words certainly ring true when one reads EPA's Farm, Ranch, and Rural Communities Advisory...more

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